quote:

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Sorts and compares data in Microsoft® SQL Server™ tables based on the bit patterns defined for each character. Binary sort order is case-sensitive, that is lowercase precedes uppercase, and accent-sensitive. This is the fastest sorting order.
If this option is not selected, SQL Server follows sorting and comparison rules as defined in dictionaries for the associated language or alphabet.

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SELECT 1
WHERE
  'aa' COLLATE Danish_Norwegian_CI_AS =
  'å' COLLATE Danish_Norwegian_CI_AS
-- returns nothing

SELECT 1
WHERE
  'aa' COLLATE Danish_Norwegian_CI_AI =
  'å' COLLATE Danish_Norwegian_CI_AI
-- returns 1

SELECT 1
WHERE
  'aa' COLLATE Danish_Norwegian_CI_AI =
  'á' COLLATE Danish_Norwegian_CI_AI
-- returns nothing

SELECT 1
WHERE
  'å' COLLATE Danish_Norwegian_CI_AI =
  'á' COLLATE Danish_Norwegian_CI_AI
-- returns nothing