If you referring to building a web application and publishing it to a website that involves interaction with database one example language will be ASP.NET.
Getting browsers to display information from a database requires a framework of technologies to make happen. It's not a simple affair, and you need to know a bunch of languages to do it.
If you're using a LAMP setup, then you need to know PHP and MySQL along with some xHTML and CSS for display purposes.
If you're using a Microsoft setup, then you need to know ASP.Net along with one of the .Net Languages (such as VB or F#) and Transact-SQL in addition to xHTML and CSS for display purposes.
"I just wanted to pull a few records from a SQL database using a web browser"
Clearly you want something "lightweight". Can you explain a bit more what your needs are, there is probably some off-the-shelf solution that doesn't involve an application programming language like PHP or ASP.NET