CREATE FUNCTION dbo.SplitString8KToInt
(
    @String VARCHAR(8000), 
    @Delimiter CHAR(1) = ','
)
RETURNS TABLE WITH SCHEMABINDING 
AS
RETURN
    --"Inline" CTE Driven "Tally Table" produces values from 0 up to 10,000...
    -- enough to cover VARCHAR(8000)
    WITH Tens(N) AS 
    (
         SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL 
         SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL 
         SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1
    ), --10E+1 or 10 rows
    Hundreds(N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM Tens a CROSS JOIN Tens b), --10E+2 or 100 rows
    Thousands(N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM Hundreds a CROSS JOIN Hundreds b), --10E+4 or 10,000 rows max
    Tally(N) AS (SELECT 0 UNION ALL
                 SELECT TOP (DATALENGTH(ISNULL(@String,1))) ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) FROM Thousands
                ),
    cteStart(N1) AS (--==== This returns N+1 (starting position of each "element" just once for each delimiter)
                 SELECT t.N+1
                   FROM Tally t
                  WHERE (SUBSTRING(@String,t.N,1) = @Delimiter OR t.N = 0) 
                )
--===== Do the actual split. The ISNULL/NULLIF combo handles the length for the final element when no delimiter is found.
    SELECT 
        ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY s.N1) AS Position
        ,CAST(SUBSTRING(@String,s.N1,ISNULL(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(@Delimiter,@String,s.N1),0)-s.N1,8000)) AS INT) AS Value
    FROM 
        cteStart  AS s
;

DECLARE @T TABLE (Val VARCHAR(30))
INSERT @T (Val) VALUES
('06,12,22'), 
('08,03,22'),
('04,12,19'),
('05,10,20'),
('01,11,21')

DECLARE @StringToSplit VARCHAR(30) = '03,12,22'

SELECT *
FROM 
    @T AS T
INNER JOIN
    dbo.SplitString8KToInt(@StringToSplit, DEFAULT) AS S
    ON ',' + t.Val + ',' LIKE '%,' + CAST(S.Value AS VARCHAR(30)) +'%,'